Sciences

This century is commonly referred to as the century of science and technology (Popkova and Gulzat 336-245). As technology is an inseparable component of human life, it is essential to be aware that technological advancement is formed and explained by the laws of physics, being the most essential field of...

Introduction The protoplanetary nebular model is a scientific theory that explains how the planets in our solar system formed. According to this model, the solar system began as a cloud of dust and gas, known as a nebula, that was swirling around a newly formed star. Discussion Over time, this...

Introduction Fiber-optic communication is used to transmit information between points using infrared radiation in an optical fiber medium. Such fibers allow the propagation of light over long distances, are also immune to electromagnetic interference and allow control over the direction of light rays by refracting them with TIR. Despite the...

Reliability and validity are concepts used to assess the quality of research. They show how well a method, technique, or test measures something. Reliability is strongly linked to the measurement sequence, and validity is connected to measurement accuracy (Salkind, 2017). It is essential to consider reliability and validity when developing...

The field of science involves numerous approaches to sampling, hypothesis setting, and research methods. The establishment of the specific method allows the researchers adequately evaluate the given phenomenon and answer the main questions. Among the research methods of qualitative studies are ethnography, grounded theory, and phenomenology. While these techniques might...

Introduction Science has built its foundation on the achievements earned in the past. The scientific community has created guidelines and processes for research to ensure integrity and stability. Scientists accept new information more readily when it is developed based on prior achievements. Discussion A novel phenomenon could appear without reflecting...

Introduction Since ancient times, when humankind was a small group of people, nature has been a means to existence. Despite this, many years later, society began to forget which benefits it has conveyed. Researchers estimate that 10.5 million deaths in 2021 were caused by air pollution, and this statistic should...

Although date rape has been addressed by researchers in the past decades, it remains a serious problem in different countries. Both qualitative and quantitative methods can be chosen as most conducive in the research on date rape in university campuses. For example, qualitative research will allow gathering information and observing...

Captive breeding has proved valuable in preventing the extinction of endangered species. Granthon et al. (2021) report that the California Candor, a scavenger that feeds on dead animals, was nearly becoming extinct. In the captive breeding program that was practiced, the focus was on increasing the number of young birds...

Introduction The taste and texture of a tuber that is called a potato are known by almost any human on the planet. Potatoes are one of the essential food sources for humanity, taking fifth place among the most common crops worldwide (Mann, 2011). Nowadays, it is an efficient crop that...

One of the most important criteria for assessing the quality of scientific research results is the reliability of the information contained in it. Information that has a mandatory link to the source must be considered accurate in a scientific study. Research sources reflect the depth and completeness of those sources...

Understanding the nature of human diseases and the possibilities of the most effective treatment strategies remains to be one of the priorities in today’s medicine, health care, and genomics. According to Green et al. (2020, p. 683), the results of the human genome research conducted by the National Human Genome...

Russia is the largest country globally but remains less than two percent of the world’s population. Two landforms mainly dominate Russia; half the country is covered with lowland plains, while the rest is plateaus. The climate is mostly winter, and these features have significantly shaped the human geography and development...

Transport modes can be classified in terms of their carry purposes. In other words, transport modes are essential options for carrying passengers or freight, or a combination of both. They fall into three major transportation types, such as a land mode (that has two subcategories: road and rail), air (aviation),...

It is important to note that there is a wide range of glacier types, where their formation process, such as growth or shrinkage, is affected by certain processes and forces. There are three main types of glaciers, which are ice sheets, alpine glaciers, and intermediate forms, such as rock glaciers....

Introduction The modern theory of evolution is a synthetic science based on Darwin’s doctrine of the origin of life, the emergence of a variety of living nature, adaptation and expediency in living organisms, the origin of man, as well as the emergence of breeds and varieties. Modern Darwinism is often...

Introduction I decided to travel to Paris for a friends’ trip to tour the beautiful country of France. What came to my mind was my finances and how I would align my pocket with reality to enjoy the trip. In this context, I have to use my mathematical skills to...

Introduction The human body contains a myriad of vital molecules that are critical for maintaining the metabolic constancy of the body. Among these, lipids, as substances of the body primarily responsible for structural and regulatory functions, should be of particular significance; although the fundamental importance of lipids to the body...

Wynne (1992) provides valuable insights into how the public synthesizes and acts upon scientific information. The case follows the scientific developments amongst Cumbrian sheep farmers in the aftermath of the Chernobyl radioactive disaster. When Chernobyl occurred, the area was a disaster, with everything being infected with radioactive material, including the...

Companies should be especially careful when transporting hazardous chemicals. If the mandatory conditions are not met, incidents of varying severity may occur, which will entail harmful consequences. One example of such an incident is the case. When an Italian tanker in 2000 en route from Southampton to Genoa sank with...

Output Analysis The investigator, John, was concerned about getting information concerning the data he needed for hypothesis testing to examine whether pulse rate varies among individuals who performed exercises at varying frequencies. John divided the pulse rates into three different groups and conducted a one-way between-groups ANOVA (Nowakowski, 2019). The...

Introduction Intelligent design (ID) is a theory that argues that living beings were designed by an “intelligent designer” in their current form. As a direct rebuttal to Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution through natural selection, intelligent design gained popularity in the 1990s, mainly in the United States. According to Kutschera...

Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla are brilliant inventors and rivals who brought many discoveries that made modern technology possible to the world. Some may argue that one of the inventors was better or more ingenious than the other since his inventions brought more benefits to himself or society. However, Nikola...

Although Iran is not the biggest and the most influential country in the world, there are multiple peculiarities that make it genuinely unique. First of all, it may be regarded as the birthplace of the Elamite kingdoms, one of the world’s most ancient civilizations. In the present day, Iran has...

QRT-PCR refers to the method of determining the amount of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. Biologists use this method to investigate real-time gene expression, and it is the same as quantitative reverse transcriptase (QRT). Determining genes without quantifying their expression requires QRT-PCR. The information generated in the course of the...

Introduction Mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography are the analytical techniques used in chemistry and biology for identifying the components of the sample, which use different approaches. To make it clear, high-performance liquid chromatography is aimed at separating the individual components of the mixture by means of a laboratory technique...

A qualitative research is an inquiry method that has dominated in the education discipline. Studies have shown its application in social sciences with the sole rationale of comprehending the behavior depicted by humans. As opposed to other researches, it endeavors to answer the question of how and why a certain...

Introduction In the contemporary world, many researchers are using qualitative research methods to conduct their studies in academic and non-academic areas (Patton 2005). This approach is different from quantitative research, which focuses on the collection and analysis of data in the form of numbers. It is important to note that...

Since inception, Newton’s laws have been used in literally all spheres of physics. The laws have been applied in diverse fields to generate solutions to many a problem. This paper provides a detailed research, and an in depth review of Newton’s first, second and third laws of motion. Newton’s laws...

What is a genetic disorder? Genetic disorders are the defects in the genes of a person. Most of them are multi-factorial hereditary illnesses, like Huntington’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. A few of them occur due to environmental hazards. It is estimated that there are 4000 to 6000 genetic disorders, which...

“Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a nursing practice that is defined by the application of valid, relevant, research-based information in nurse decision making” (Barker, 2013, p. 5). Its key elements include evaluation and observation of the best evidence in solving problems. Professor Archie Cochrane, an epidemiologist, was the first person to...

Definition of terms HAT – Hypoxanthine Aminopterin Thymidine Myeloma cells – Long-lived immune cells Aneuploidy – Implies an abnormal number of chromosomes MALDI-TOF – Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization – Time of Flight SDS – Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid. Discussion The cell culture technique has been one of...

Non-Parametric Procedures Non-parametric tests are choice tests if the dataset does not assume normality in its distribution (for skewed data) (Field, 2009). In addition, data that does not heed to the assumption of homogeneity of variances calls for the use of non-parametric rather than parametric tests. The preference for non-parametric...

Introduction This particular set of experiment was aimed at preparing nickel NI complexes with different phosphine ligands and then studying the synthesized ligands using magnetic and spectral analysis techniques. Furthermore, the experiment is purposed at running spectroscopic scan on the metal complexes prepared to predict the stereochemistry or the arrangement...

Magnesium is the 8th most widely spread chemical element on the earth (Gray & Luan 2002). Magnesium accounts for nearly 2% of the earth’s crust and makes up approximately 0.13% of the ocean mass (Gray & Luan 2002). The benefits and properties of magnesium are well-documented: these include but are...

HPSA Dental HPSA (total of 5 centers 3 are comprehensive health center and two are population group type). Low Income – Northeast Columbus Columbus Neighborhood Health Center Low Income – Greater Hilltop Franklin County Lower Lights Christian Health Center Capital Park Family Health Center Primary medical care HPSA (4 IN NUMBER)....

Introduction Research was conducted on the binding of phosphorus by crystalline iron oxides in North sea sediments, a part of the north-west European shelf, which has water a water depth ranging from under 30 metres to 200 m. the iron oxides, hydroxides and oxyhydroxides (Fe oxides) are capable of providing...

Ethical use of recombinant DNA technology Recombinant DNA technology is a scientific technology that involves the production of artificial DNA in living organisms. The use of recombinant DNA technology has however drawn a lot of attention with different people having different opinions on the matter. Recombinant DNA technology has been...

Introduction The research demonstrates the action of an intestinal enzyme, lactase on the breakdown of lactose into glucose and galactose, and investigates the effect of temperature on enzyme activity Hypothesis All metabolic reactions in an organism’s body are catalyzed by protein molecules called Enzymes. Enzymes are responsible for the ripening...

Eighteen Years Ago In July 1993, Japan was over three times densely populated than most countries in Europe. It also represented twelve times the population density of the United States. This is a high population density compared to most of the countries in the world. Its population was about 124...

Viruses, prions and viroids cannot be classified as living since show characteristics of inanimate things when they are outside a living organism. At the same time, they cannot be classified as non-living since they demonstrate various characteristics of living things once inside the cells of a living host. According to...

Introduction A researcher was interested in finding the best way to educate elementary-age children in mathematics. In particular, she hypothesized that fifth-grade girls do better in small class sizes while boys excel in larger classes. The researcher performed a pilot study throughout the school district where classroom sizes were reduced...

Introduction Mexico has been going through a period of demographic transition over the last few years. This has led to a change in the sizes of the various age groups in the entire population. This has greatly been influenced by the declining levels of the fertility rates on the side...

Definition and development Theory may be defined as an attempt to build knowledge on a phenomenon through organized thinking (cited in Miller & Schwartz, p.5). We create theories based on our observation of what happen around us or through research (Miller & Schwartz, p.6). According to Miller and Schwartz, a...

“Mathematical literacy is an individual’s capacity to identify and understand the role that mathematics plays in the world, to make well-founded judgments, and to use and engage with mathematics in ways that meet the needs of that individual’s life as a constructive, concerned, and reflective citizen” (Mathematical Literacy, 2003). People...

Introduction For more than two hundred years modern science was dependent upon the theories and assumptions created by Isaac Newton. He was the first to develop scientific laws that help people understand planetary motions as well as how objects behave in relation to other objects. These principles can be described...

Introduction To begin with, it should be stated that the foot is the biological structure, with the function of enabling any animal to move. On the one hand, it is rather logical, that the higher the animal – the longer and bigger the foot. The length of the feet is...

The chapter deeply explores the two sides of electric meter; the supply side and the demand side. In the past, energy services were considered important and programs to help customers use the energy efficiently were included in these energy services. This led to a process called integrated resource planning which...

Introduction In the last 20 years, there has been a considerable growth of urban cities around the world. This has been occasioned by the fast population growth and transformation of the world’s economy that has been brought about by a blend of technical and political changes happening around the world....

Qualitative Statement of the Problem Social sanctions refer to communal and political systems and procedures that control personal and group behavior. It leads to conventionality and compliance to the laws governing a given community, nation or social group. This study will comprehend and illustrate the extent at which social sanctions...

Conservatism and striving for changes can be seen going hand in hand in most societies in the world. The manifestation of such phenomenon might differ, but it can be identified in most developing and developed societies. Liberal and conservatives, right and left, and others, are simple examples of such polar...

Introduction The essay is a critical analysis of concepts and ideas of qualitative research design. The paper examines two research studies; “How Elementary Principals’ Beliefs and Actions Influence New Teachers’ Experiences”, a study by Peter Youngs carried out between 2000-2001 (Article 1), this was published in 2007 and “Facilitating Elementary...

Distinctions between Primary Secondary, and Tertiary Sources in a Secondary Search The three types of sources available in researching secondary sources are primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary sources represent original work that is obtained by research. This work is not interpreted or subjected to the opinions of individuals. Examples of...

Introduction Today, there are three research design paradigms used in different cases depending on several factors. Some of the major factors that determine the use of certain research are expected data format and the experience of the researcher. The three design methods have different characteristics and a researcher must review...

Abstract The objective of this paper is to compare the research methods employed by two published research papers to evaluate critically the choice, justification and application of the research methods to the two articles. The paper will also identify the issues for rigor in research in respect of the topics...

The article “Grandmothering and the evolution of Homo erectus”, O’Connell et al hypothesize that Homo erectus evolved because climate changes brought about changes in their diet from meat to tubers. This change was accompanied by the need for more females to be involved in foraging and food sharing practices in...

Creswell mentioned that “researchers select the research method according to the question they pose” (Creswell, 2003, 34). It is logical to believe that in the context of research the data gathered by researchers depends on the nature of the study like quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods. In this case of...

Stem cell research is an important scientific field in the world today. Scientist makes use of embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells in their studies in the quest to find possible cure for diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson’s disease and heart disease. Stem cell research is surrounded by controversies,...

Introduction Genetic disorders are one of the health problems affected 0.5% of the population. Genetic research in this sphere concentrates on character differences and assumes that proper theory should account for how people and diseases are similar as well as different, and that personal variation is the basis for evolutionary...

Research on stem cells has provided valuable knowledge and information about an organism developing from a distinct cell and how healthy cells can substitute damaged cells in an adult organism. Stem cells are one of the most intriguing areas of biology today. But like many expanding fields of scientific inquiry,...

Abstract Genetically modified organism is the alteration, change or engineering of organisms through DNA technology methods such as mutation to produce the intended organism that has positive outcomes. This outcomes include cloning plants that can grow quickly, can easily adapt to harsh climatic conditions and resistant to diseases. The same...

The human body consists of cells – its smallest units made out of cell organelles. It is a tiny structure that resembles an organ with or without a membrane that predetermines its function. Comparing the cell to a factory allows one to gain a better understanding of the functions that...

Introduction Scientists have made great strides in the agriculture industry, public health, and medicine since the discovery of genetics by William Bateson in 1905. The recent field of biotechnology (the early 1970s) as a result of genetic research has led to the alteration of agricultural plants through genetic engineering. Genetic...

Abstract Qualitative research is an important choice in management research. It gives special significance to complex inter-related problems. There are many types of qualitative research. In this work, four papers are analyzed, briefly, to elicit some types of qualitative research. Introduction Creswell, 1998, defined qualitative research; as an inquiry of...

Quantitative Research Design Quantitative research can be identified as the investigation of an issue by collecting statistical data through mathematical or computational techniques. Usually, scientists outline four main types of qualitative research designs, including descriptive, quasi-experimental, experimental, and correlational (Center for Innovation in Research and Teaching). The goal of the...

Introduction Individual interviews, focus groups, and observations are some of the methods of data collection used in qualitative research. When conducting an observational study, researchers no longer rely on putting forward a hypothesis and predicting the results: instead, they observe what happens in real life. Individual interviews hinge largely on...

Differences Between Qualitative and Quantitative Methods In addition to the given information, it is necessary to note that qualitative methods enable the researchers to spot trends and phenomena. Whereas, quantitative tools serve to analyze the extent to which these trends are present at certain times and in certain populations (Mertens,...

Introduction The two major study approaches used to research in education include qualitative and quantitative research. Each approach has underlying paradigms and philosophies that determine how the study is conducted and the type of data collected. Also, each has distinct philosophical assumptions, hypotheses, methods, goals, samples, and data analysis criteria...